El cociente intelectual versus el talento

El profesor Joseph S. Renzulli plantea que: “Si sólo nos fijamos en el cociente intelectual, desperdiciamos mucho talento”.  Su investigación se basa en la identificación, desarrollo de la creatividad y el talento en los jóvenes.

Es profesor de Psicología de la Educación de la Universidad de Connecticut, donde también se desempeña como director del  «National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented».

Además, es miembro de la Asociación Americana de Psicología y fue consultor de la Fuerza de Tarea de la Casa Blanca sobre la Educación de los Dotados y Talentosos.

Aboga por que los centros educativos abran a toda la población escolar estrategias tradicionalmente asociadas al alumnado con altas capacidades.

Su investigación se ha centrado en la identificación y desarrollo de la creatividad y el talento en los jóvenes y en los modelos de organización y estrategias curriculares para la mejora total de la escuela. Un enfoque de su trabajo ha sido en la aplicación de las estrategias de educación para dotados.

A finales de los años 70, Joseph Renzulli dio un vuelco al enfoque clásico sobre la superdotación (o altas capacidades), hasta entonces vinculada con rigidez y sin muchos matices a un cociente intelectual (CI) superior a 130. Su teoría de los tres anillos sumó a la capacidad innata en algún campo del conocimiento el potencial creativo del individuo y su compromiso al pasar a la acción.

Sólo la confluencia de estas tres variables cristaliza en lo que él denomina «comportamientos talentosos» o «productos creativos». Más aún, factores ambientales de diversa índole y la propia personalidad pueden allanar sobremanera el camino del superdotado, o bien plagarlo de escollos insalvables. Además de su contribución teórica, este psicólogo educativo aboga desde hace décadas por extender a todo tipo de estudiantes –mediante su modelo de enriquecimiento escolar– las estrategias pedagógicas tradicionalmente dirigidas a alumnos con altas capacidades.

Renzulli no faltará a su cita con la International Conference on Thinking (ICOT) el próximo verano en Bilbao, donde coincidirá con viejos conocidos como Howard Gardner, David Perkins o Robert Sternberg.

Entrevistado por Rodrigo Santodomingo

P- Su enfoque entiende que el individuo manifiesta altas capacidades en áreas muy diversas. ¿Es la inteligencia un bloque con compartimentos estancos aislados o suele coincidir el talento individual en muchos campos simultáneamente? En otras palabras: ¿lo habitual es que un alumno que destaca en matemáticas también lo haga en lengua o música?

JR- Si atendemos a la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Howard Gardner, comprendemos que la inteligencia está compuesta por diferentes áreas cuya capacidad ni mucho menos tiene por qué coincidir en un mismo alumno. Las matemáticas o la lengua son dos de ellas. Así pues, nuestra responsabilidad es que cada estudiante pueda desarrollar su potencial en esos campos en los que destaca. En otras palabras, todo mi enfoque pasa por que la enseñanza se centre en las fortalezas y no en las debilidades del alumno.

P- Gardner decidió incluir la idea de inteligencia emocional en una revisión posterior de su lista. ¿Hasta qué punto es importante el manejo de las emociones para el desarrollo pleno de nuestras capacidades?

JR- Existen muchos ejemplos de personas tremendamente respetadas por sus enormes contribuciones al conocimiento, la investigación, las artes… sobre las que sabemos que experimentaban fuertes emociones hacia su campo de acción. Esa es la manera en que me gusta mirar a la noción de inteligencia emocional, en el sentido de que nuestras acciones están motivadas por creencias, pasiones y el sentimiento de que podemos contribuir con nuestro talento al progreso de un área determinada.

P- Buena parte del debate sobre superdotación gira en torno a la conveniencia de que los alumnos especialmente talentosos avancen uno o varios cursos y tengan compañeros mayores que ellos, precisamente por posibles desajustes entre desarrollo intelectivo y emocional. La clásica imagen del niño imberbe entre fornidos universitarios…

JR- Cada caso es diferente, y como tal tiene que ser analizado. En Estados Unidos tenemos ejemplos de alumnos de 13 años que han ido a la universidad y les ha ido muy bien, mientras que otros no han sido capaces de adaptarse y han precisado de mucha ayuda.

Como decía al principio, lo importante es que un alumno que avanza muy rápido en, por ejemplo, matemáticas, pueda estar en situaciones de aprendizaje con alumnos que atesoren un nivel similar. Lo mismo ocurre con las áreas que despiertan un gran interés en el estudiante: teatro, asuntos medioambientales… Compartir los mismos intereses con tus compañeros puede producir tantos beneficios en el desarrollo del talento como poseer las mismas habilidades académicas.

P- ¿Agrupar a los alumnos según capacidades o intereses puede dar lugar a la creación de, digamos, guetos académicos en el seno de la escuela?

JR- Aquí hay muchos factores a tener en cuenta, y mi propuesta no aspira a convertirse en regla universal. No debemos olvidar tampoco que los alumnos con altas capacidades en un área particular estarán en clase con alumnos normales en esas otras áreas en las que no destaquen tanto, así como la importancia de las actividades sociales para asegurar el contacto directo entre todo tipo de estudiantes.

P- Ya han pasado más de 30 años desde que dio a conocer su teoría de los tres anillos. ¿Piensa que ha contribuido a cambiar esa forma de percibir la superdotación como una especie de don divino inmutable y fácil de cuantificar?

JR- Sí, pienso que mis ideas han tenido una gran influencia en muchos lugares del mundo. Quiero remarcar que no digo que los tests para determinar el CI no sean de utilidad, sino más bien poner de manifiesto que aquellas personas que la historia reconoce como altamente talentosas combinaban habilidad académica en sentido tradicional, medida normalmente a través del CI, con los otros dos anillos: creatividad y motivación. Como muestran sus biografías, ha sido esa combinación entre habilidades por encima de la media en su campo, pensamiento creativo y motivación llevada a la práctica lo que ha dado lugar a la creación de inventos, obras literarias o musicales, a solucionar problemas complejos. Si sólo nos fijamos en alumnos con un alto CI y no atendemos a aquellos con una alta creatividad o una motivación extrema, estaremos desperdiciando gran parte del talento.

P- ¿Puede la mayoría de la gente generar, bajo las circunstancias adecuadas, lo que usted llama
«productos creativos», aunque sólo sea una vez en la vida?

Desde luego, mucha más gente de la que pensamos. No dispongo de cifras concretas, ni creo que existan, pero tengo claro que si dotamos a nuestros jóvenes de oportunidades y recursos y les animamos debidamente, los resultados nos sorprenderían. Por el contrario, si no enseñamos al alumno a ser creativo, si sólo le hacemos preguntas con respuestas predeterminadas, no podremos explorar todo su potencial.

P- Aparte de lo que ha dicho, si pudiera tomar una medida concreta en las escuelas con vistas a un mayor desarrollo de la inteligencia y la creatividad, ¿cuál sería?

JR- Proporcionar más oportunidades de enriquecimiento general para grupos de alumnos lo más amplios posible. Si, por ejemplo, estoy organizando visitas a instalaciones científicas para alumnos que destacan en ciencias, permitiría que a esas visitas acudiera todo el que quisiera. Ahora bien, y aquí llega lo importante, si como resultado de ese enriquecimiento general, tres, cuatro o cinco alumnos deciden que quieren avanzar en un área científica, pondría todos los medios a su disposición.

Fuente: http://www.magisnet.com/ (Magisterio Digital)

0 0 votes
Article Rating
0 0 votes
Article Rating
96 Comments
Oldest
Newest Most Voted
Ariel
11 years ago

Con la tecnologia, la creatividad muchas veces opaca la inteligencia. Sera porque al conocer y saber usar herramientas para resolver diversas situaciones se descansa en la inteligencia ya aplicada del que creo estas?? XD

10 years ago

Iˇve recently started a blog, the information you provide on this website has helped me tremendously. Thanks for all of your time & work.

10 years ago

new balance taiwanپW

10 years ago

«We are very popular at present, there are about eight and even nine wounded we, The gynecologists get playing with the cases, said medical attention through a Ya’an medical facility.

10 years ago

hermes current worldwide prices

10 years ago

converse tw

10 years ago

ralph lauren oulet

«the on-going very immediate concern is clasping the first 24 hours and hours mainly because the quake’s number, your older day time to work with saving money day, Xinhua news flash office said there was an.

10 years ago

hdmi cables

Mini-hdmicable.com Rolled out a Host of Discounted mini hdmi cable Products cheap hdmi cables Mini-hdmicable.com recently started offering mini hdmi cable, adapters and other types of products at affordable prices. By Farooq Gill 2 months ago3 Views Em…

10 years ago

hogan nere online

I am thankful for that training and guidance that I receive as a Community HealthCorps Navtigator at Cherry Street. It truly makes me look at the service that I do in a different way, and helps me realize that even when I feel like I’m able to TMt do…

10 years ago

Lululemon Outlet Online

sThe quality it ideal, nevertheless, considering that models operate mini take they one particular size upward.If you’re 5f 4inches next size demands modifying or even simply don completely high sneakers. Other than that adored the particular gown

10 years ago

Lululemon Outlet Online

I have our headphonesfor the our mom concerning mothers time, and she completely enjoyed this! It really is actually cute headphonesand saying in the card just that goes within the box is very sentimental!! And the premium of beads are great!

10 years ago

christian louboutin outlet

sThe grade things awesome, then again, due some sort of dimensions run slight need it single shape upwards.If you are 5f 4inches next duration desires modifying otherwise just wear truly tall footwear. Besides that enjoyed some sort of dress

10 years ago

louis vuitton replica

I had gotten this particular headphonesto the mom of parents time, and she completely adored this! The quite sweet headphonesand stating regarding the card it goes into the box is very sentimental!! And the quality of the beads is actually awesome!

10 years ago

Lululemon Canada

I have our headphonesto my personal mother to mothers evening, additionally she completely liked things! It really is actually sweet headphonesand stating regarding the card which is comes in package is very sentimental!! And the excellence of beads ar…

10 years ago

Lululemon Outlet Online

sThe high quality they very good, although, mainly because your dimensions run slight just take information technology a person shape up.If you’re 5f 4inches after that size requirements adjusting or perhaps really put on really tall sneakers. Other t…

10 years ago

imitazioni orologi cartier france

that’s corrct, bin for son and binti for daughter in javaness

10 years ago

falso anello Bulgari

I love all of brands of Louis Vuitton outlet!

10 years ago

cartier love bracelet replica

I have it headphonesfor my mom for the moms evening, plus she completely adored they! The actually cute headphonesas well as the suggesting on the card which comes within the box is really sentimental!! And the good of beads is actually great!

10 years ago

Christian Louboutin Replica

sThe excellent that it ideal, though, mainly because the particular sizes operate limited choose information technology one particular shape up.If you are 5f 4inches well length specifications modifying or perhaps really wear truly tall sneakers. Other…

10 years ago

réplique collier trinity cartier

Todo esto me genera una duda; si en tan solo 10 dias se puede llegar a desalojar a un inquilino, ¿Para qué va a querer a partir de ahora un arrendador un seguro de impagos?.

10 years ago

Replica Hermes Bracelet

I have your headphonesfor the my personal mother to mothers evening, and also she completely adored this! It is quite cute headphonesas well as the suggesting on the card that goes in box is really emotional!! And the quality of beads is great!

10 years ago

Christian Louboutin Replica

I had gotten the headphonesto our mom towards parents time, as well as she absolutely adored this! Their truly sweet headphonesand the stating regarding the card that comes inside package is really emotional!! And high quality of the beads is actually…

10 years ago

Cheap Ray Ban Sunglasses

sThe excellent information technology very good, then again, simply because the sizes run little take things someone shape up.If you are 5f 4inches and then span requirements modifying otherwise exclusively use completely tall sneakers. Other than that…

10 years ago

fitflop sale free shipping

fitflop pietra cheap

10 years ago

Cheap Christian Louboutin

I had gotten our headphonesfor our mother to moms time, and she absolutely loved it! Its truly sweet headphonesas well as the suggesting regarding the card in which goes in container is really emotional!! As well as the quality of beads are awesome!

10 years ago

Cheap Nike NFL Jerseys

I have this particular headphonestowards my mother for the moms day, as well as she definitely loved that! It really is quite adorable headphonesand the suggesting regarding the card in which will come within the package is really sentimental!! As well…

10 years ago

christian louboutin replica

sThe grade it very good, nevertheless, as your dimensions run tiny need this an individual dimensions up.If you’re 5f 4inches after that span desires adjusting or even just wear completely high footwear. Besides that enjoyed that the dress

10 years ago

christian louboutin outlet

I got this one headphonesof my personal mom towards moms day, and also she absolutely liked they! Their really attractive headphonesas well as the suggesting on the card which will come in the box is really emotional!! As well as the excellence of bead…

10 years ago

cheap ray ban sunglasses

sThe excellent that awesome, although, due to the fact that models operate mini bring it a person dimensions upwards.If you’re 5f 4inches next size ought adjusting or simply wear really high footwear. Besides that liked the actual outfit

10 years ago

Lululemon Canada

I got this headphonesfor our mom of mothers evening, and she definitely enjoyed that it! Their actually attractive headphonesas well as the stating in the card just that goes inside box is very emotional!! And the good of beads is great!

10 years ago

cartier diamond love bracelet copy

Hi Ryan you have a good blog here.I have request can you do one tutorial on uploading images with site and www_HOST_ROOT

10 years ago

giuseppe zanotti outlet

I had gotten that headphonesfor the my personal mother for the parents day, as well as she definitely adored things! Their really pretty headphonesand the stating regarding the card your comes inside container is really sentimental!! As well as the goo…

10 years ago

fitflop australia

fitflops sandals

10 years ago

cartier bracelet love occasion

I. Want. That. Frito pie is one of those things I’ve always wanted to to make!

10 years ago

lululemon outlet

I have it headphonesfor my personal mother to parents time, to she definitely liked that! Their really sweet headphonesas well as the stating on the card that will comes in the box is very sentimental!! And the premium of beads was very good!

10 years ago

Lululemon Outlet

sThe excellent it very good, still, due to the fact ones models operated tiny just take it definitely one shape upward.If you are 5f 4inches subsequently span wants adjusting or only put on really tall footwear. Other than that adored on dress

10 years ago

Rolex Replica Watches

I have it headphonestowards our mother for the mothers evening, additionally she absolutely enjoyed it! The actually adorable headphonesand the stating in the card that goes in the container is very emotional!! And excellent of beads is ideal!

10 years ago

MK Handbags Clearance

I had gotten the headphonesfor my personal mom to parents time, furthermore she absolutely liked this! Its really attractive headphonesas well as the saying in the card which is goes within the box is very sentimental!! And the quality of the beads are…

10 years ago

Lululemon Canada

I got the headphonesto our mom for moms evening, additionally she absolutely adored things! It is completely attractive headphonesand suggesting in the card which is will come in container is very emotional!! And high quality of the beads are great!

10 years ago

Christian Louboutin Outlet

I have this headphonesfor my mother concerning moms time, plus she definitely loved they! It really is truly cute headphonesas well as the suggesting in the card that comes inside package is really emotional!! As well as the premium of beads is awesome…

10 years ago

christian louboutin replica

sThe top quality things very good, conversely, as that the sizes operate smaller choose things a single dimensions upward.If you’re 5f 4inches then duration requires adjusting otherwise really use quite tall sneakers. Besides that liked your dress

10 years ago

fitflops online sale

fitflop online sale australia

10 years ago

Hermes H Bracelet Replica

I had gotten it headphonesto my personal mom concerning moms evening, furthermore she completely liked this! It is completely cute headphonesand saying on the card it goes inside box is really emotional!! And the grade of the beads is actually great!

10 years ago

Cheap Nike NFL Jerseys

I got it headphonesof the mother to parents evening, furthermore she completely loved things! The really adorable headphonesand the saying on the card your comes into the package is really sentimental!! As well as the premium of beads are great!

10 years ago

Lululemon Outlet Online

I got your headphonesfor my personal mother for the parents time, and also she definitely enjoyed things! The completely pretty headphonesand the stating in the card that will goes inside package is very emotional!! And excellence of the beads was idea…

10 years ago

lululemon outlet online

sThe excellence things ideal, conversely, as your sizes run little just take it one size increase.If you are 5f 4inches and then size requires modifying or even exclusively don actually tall sneakers. Other than that enjoyed the particular outfit

10 years ago

christian louboutin replica

I got it headphonesfor the mother concerning mothers day, and she completely liked it! It really is actually adorable headphonesas well as the stating regarding the card it will come in the box is very emotional!! And good of the beads is very good!

10 years ago

Christian Louboutin Replica

sThe quality it great, but, because the actual dimensions operated little need information technology single size upwards.If you’re 5f 4inches therefore size wants adjusting or exclusively don quite tall sneakers. Other than that enjoyed your outfit

10 years ago

Christian Louboutin Outlet

I have it headphonesfor the the mother for the mothers day, plus she completely loved that! Their truly sweet headphonesas well as the saying regarding the card you already know comes in the package is very emotional!! And premium of the beads is very…

10 years ago

Wholesale Cheap Jerseys

sThe premium this ideal, still, simply because that sizes operated limited just take information technology a single size increase.If you’re 5f 4inches well duration requires modifying or just put on truly tall sneakers. Other than that loved the part…

Institucionales
Avenida Máximo Gómez esquina Santiago, No. 02 Gazcue, Distrito Nacional, República Dominicana. | educando@educando.edu.do | Tel.: 809.688.9700
© 2026. Educando. Todos los Derechos Reservados.